01
Overview
Its sturdy stems and moderate leaf size give the foreground more structure than a carpet. With regular topping, groups become broad and bushy.
02
Aquascaping use
Use beside stone, below taller red stems, or as a textured transition between open sand and dense planting.
03
Planting
Plant individual stems with space between them. Trim long roots if needed, but keep lower nodes secure in the substrate.
Nutrient-bearing substrate recommended
04
Light & CO₂
Medium light is adequate; CO₂ improves compact growth and recovery after trimming. Low light usually produces taller internodes.
05
Substrate & fertilization
It uses both roots and the water column. Keep macronutrients available and refresh depleted substrate where old groups stall.
Feeding behavior: Mixed feeder. Nutrient demand: moderate.
06
Growth, trimming & propagation
Top stems above a node and replant selected tips. Remove crowded old bases when the center of a group becomes shaded.
Stem cuttings
07
Common problems
- !Dense groups shade their lower leaves
- !Fresh emersed growth may change shape
- !Poor carbon causes leggy stems
